All commands are preceded by the $ sign. You must enter the commands in a terminal without typing the $ sign.

Assumptions:
========================
1. You are using Mac OSX Yosemite (10.10.x) or later, or Windows.

2. (a) Mac users: it is necessary that you have the updated command line tools installed for Xcode. You can check by entering the following command (note the two dashes in --install):
$ xcode-select --install

You'll see a dialog box. Choose "Get Xcode" and update/install Xcode from the App Store. 

2. (b) Mac users: download and install an appropriate version of "command line tools" for Xcode from the following website (for me it was Command Line Tools for OSX 10.10 (Yosemite) and XCode 7.1; versions will be different for later OSX): 

https://developer.apple.com/downloads/.

(Note: Previously, command line tools had to be installed separately, but the newer versions of Xcode is bundled with command line tools. There's a lot of confusion regarding this on third-party websites and blogs. Here's an authentic resource: https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/technotes/tn2339/_index.html. However, I *highly recommend* installing command line tools separately from https://developer.apple.com/downloads/.)

To verify that command line tools are installed, enter the following command, which will show the version of gcc in the success scenario.
$ gcc --version

3. For Mac users, you have homebrew installed. To check whether you have it installed, enter the following command:
$ brew

If homebrew is not installed, install it by entering the following command:
$ ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

(The above command uses an older version of Ruby, which comes built-in with Mac. The next step will install an updated version of Ruby.)

4. You are logged in with admin privilege.

Install Ruby:
========================
Mac: Install RVM from https://rvm.io/rvm/install or enter this command (it will ask for your password a few times):
$ \curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby

* Follow the instruction given when the above command is completed. E.g., I had to run the command "source /Users/mirfan/.rvm/scripts/rvm" (without the quotes).

To test, commands are:
$ ruby –v
$ rvm –v

If you get errors, you might not have followed the instruction shown in the terminal when the above \curl -sSL ... command finished running. Still having error an error with rvm -v? Run the following commands (assuming 2.2.1 is the latest version—look up rvm website for it; also assuming you have homebrew pre-installed)
$ brew update && brew upgrade
$ rvm reinstall 2.2.1 --disable-binary


Windows: 
1. Install Ruby 2.x from http://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/
2. Then install the Ruby Development Kit:
		2a. Download an appropriate version from http://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/ and extract it
		2b. Follow installation instructions: https://github.com/oneclick/rubyinstaller/wiki/Development-Kit
			(The instructions basically tell you to execute these two commands from the appropriate directory (use cd to change directories):
				$ ruby dk.rb init
				$ ruby dk.rb install
			)

Install Ruby's Gem Packaging System (for both Mac and Windows):
===============================================================================
1. Get the zip file from http://rubygems.org/pages/download
Extract it
Go (cd) into the extracted folder where you can see the "setup.rb" file
Execute this command: 
	$ ruby setup.rb

2. Update gem. For this, execute this command: $ gem update --system

Install Ruby on Rails:
============================
Step 1 is for Windows only (for Mac, you already have SQLite pre-installed)
1. (Windows only) First, install SQLite DBMS:
	Extract the contents of the zip file "sqlite-dll-win64-x64-3090100.zip" from https://www.sqlite.org/download.html into Ruby's bin folder. For example, I've copied the DLL and the DEF files into my Ruby's bin folder, which is "C:\Ruby200-x64\bin". If later on you get an error message, build sqlite from the source and do the installation following the 9 steps from "http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15480381/how-do-i-install-sqlite3-for-ruby-on-windows". (Note that you may omit Step 1, as you've already installed Ruby development kit.)
	

2. (Mac) Command: $ gem install sqlite3 

(Windows) Run the following command (directory names might be different):
	$ gem install sqlite3 --platform=ruby -- --with-sqlite3-include=c:\Ruby200-x64\sqlite3\include --with-sqlite3-lib=c:\Ruby200-x64\sqlite3\lib --with-sqlite3-dir=c:\Ruby200-x64\sqlite3\bin

(Note: previously, sqlite3 was named sqlite3-ruby)
	
3. (Both Windows and Mac) Command: $ gem install rails

To test rails installation, enter this command: $ rails -v

Install Other Ruby Gems:
===========================
$ gem install twitter
$ gem install mail

Install Aptana Studio (IDE)
==============================
Aptana Studio: http://www.aptana.com/

(For Mac) If you cannot start Aptana due to a Java error, you'll need to install an earlier version of Java from here:
https://support.apple.com/kb/DL1572?viewlocale=en_US&locale=en_US

Many software on OSX Yosemite are not compatible with the newer version of Java.

Install the Haskell Platform
==================================
http://www.haskell.org/platform/

Install Prolog (if covered in class)
=======================================
Prolog: http://www.swi-prolog.org/Download.html